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Luminance is the most important quantity in lighting design and the most important measure in road lighting and architectural illumination. It is also the measure that is probably the easiest to understand and notice by the user, because it determines the “brightness” of the observed objects and surfaces. The 21st century, revolutionized by the widely [...]
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Integrating spheres are one of the basic instruments for measuring light sources, lamps and luminaires. Traditionally, an integrating sphere is also called an Ulbricht sphere, and its name comes from the name of German engineer Richard Ulbricht, who during the preparation of electrification and lighting of a railway station dealt with photometric measurements in order [...]
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Many manufacturers of lighting products use external measurement laboratories to verify compliance with standards and assess performance. Some manufacturers or importers rely solely on their suppliers' datasheets and try to avoid having to carry out measurements on their own. This situation is quite common not only among small start-ups but also larger lighting companies in [...]
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Available lighting design software tools support architects, engineers, and designers with the calculation and simulation of luminance levels and even correlated color temperature (CCT), but little is available for on-site verification tools. Nevertheless, verification can insure conformance for specific application requirements such as detailed task-work, food inspection, color critical viewing, warehouse isles, safety exit signs, [...]
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As modern energy-efficient lighting technologies, including LED-based solid-state lighting (SSL), proliferate in our environment, awareness of their impact on biology and even technology evolves as well. LED lighting’s rapid development and assimilation, often without clear standards, may result in light flicker with adverse effects. Many organizations, including international standards bodies and regulatory agencies, and industry [...]
